02/27/2015, Fri, 15:02, Moscow time
Omnichannel, NFC, PFM, smart offices, international standards - what innovations will help banks reduce costs and at the same time improve the quality of service? How to develop RBS, where to look for investments and what services to bet on were discussed by the participants of the conference "", which was held by CNews Conferences and CNews Analytics on February 17, 2015.pages: 1 | | next
Despite difficult times and shrinking IT budgets, banks do not plan to stop investments in the development of remote banking systems. As told Alexander Shestakov, Vice President and Chief Executive Officer for Information Technologies of Uralsib Bank, in recent years the bank has been constantly investing in RBS services, and the volume of these investments is growing from year to year. “We have no plans to cut spending on digitalization initiatives anytime soon,” she said. Elena Skuryatina, Head of the Electronic Business Department at Citibank. “We are not cutting anything in IT,” says Maxim Evdokimov, Vice President and Head of the Payment Business Development Department of TKS Bank, which in fact does not have any other sales channels, except for remote ones. - On the contrary, the recruitment of people and the implementation of the planned projects continues. We can talk about acceleration, because we abandoned a number of business projects planned before the crisis and moved towards the development of IT solutions ”.
Economic conditions and competition are forcing banks to cut tariffs. To keep fees flat or to grow, lending institutions must increase their outreach. Banks unanimously report on the growing popularity of remote services, while the growth rate of users of mobile applications outstrips Internet banking. At Citibank, over 50% of transfers and 80% of payments are made remotely. In 2014, the number and volume of transactions carried out in the remote channels of Uralsib Bank almost doubled. 4.1 million residents of Moscow, or every third Muscovite, are registered in the Sberbank Online system, 500 thousand of them are active users.
Omnichannel bank
Various channels of remote banking services (RBS), such as Internet banking, mobile applications, contact centers, ATMs, must be integrated with each other and, in fact, become doors to a single bank environment. Then the client will have the opportunity to start the operation in one channel and complete in the other. The demand for omnichannel, that is, seamless integration of various RBS services, determines the further development of remote interaction between clients and banks.
“Both the bank and the client are interested in the development of RBS,” says Ilya Nikushin, an expert of BSS - a developer of remote banking systems for the largest banks: Sberbank, VTB, Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank, etc. In his opinion, further development of remote service systems will go towards the complexity and omnichannel nature of the services provided. BSS solutions are already following this trend. Correqts remote service platform allows you to work in Internet Banking from any workplace and through various channels. The client can, having started the operation in the Internet bank, complete it in the mobile application. The expert believes that it makes sense to build RBS systems based on a modular architecture. This makes the solution easier to update and customize. In addition, the fault tolerance of remote services is increased.
Correqts allows you to display digital products of the bank itself and its partners in Internet banking, intended for sale through digital channels. The new version will have built-in functionality for managing personal finances and importing data from other online banks.
“The client does not need a specific bank, it is important for him to satisfy his needs. If, for example, you need to pay for utility bills, then he doesn't care which bank to do it in, the person just wants to do it as quickly and conveniently as possible, ”says Mikhail Rudkovsky, Director of the Bank XXI Department of the Moscow Bank of Sberbank of Russia. The expert understands the concept of "digital bank" as the ability to carry out all types of banking operations via digital channels. “Digital products must be developed for digital channels, otherwise you won’t earn anything,” he emphasizes.
If multichannel service implied service through a set of channels, then omnichannel service implies building a unified service environment, when channels become just different points of contact with the centralized platform of the bank. Thus, traditional and alternative sales channels merge, the quality of communication between the client and the bank does not depend on the chosen channel.
With an omnichannel architecture, a new digital product, such as pre-approved credit cards, is immediately available across all channels. Time to market is shorter and sales are more intense.
Mikhail Rudkovsky spoke about the innovations that are implemented in his digital bank. To transfer money to another client of Sberbank, it is not necessary to know the recipient's bank details, it is enough to know the mobile phone number. "Linking card accounts to a mobile phone number in the Moscow Bank of Sberbank of Russia is now about 90%." The transfer can be done via SMS or mobile application. At the same time, Sberbank cardholders will be highlighted with a special icon in the mobile phone address book.
It's time for Cinderella to go to the ball
The development of corporate RBS systems has been noticeably lagging for some time, says the sales director of "Beefit" Stanislav Shilov: “Throughout the 2000s. we observed a paradoxical situation: the focus of interest was systems for remote servicing of individuals, and RBS for legal entities existed in the roles of Cinderella, who cleaned the house well, but did not attract much attention to herself. The development of RBS for legal entities went on extensively. Now we see a trend that remote service systems for corporate clients are reaching a fundamentally new level, incorporating not only traditional banking services, but also near-bank ones, as well as functionality that is frankly not typical of credit institutions. " This allows to increase commission income of remote services and increases customer loyalty, the expert believes.
According to CNews Analytics, 81% of the top 100 banks have implemented additional services for RBS users, such as electronic document management, reporting to government agencies, cloud accounting, etc. Banks are actively starting to look towards EDMS, Stanislav Shilov notes. “We see the greatest future in RBS systems in the organization of electronic document flow between corporate clients,” he stressed.
After the adoption of the relevant law, the banks implemented integration with the state information system on state and municipal payments (GIS GMP). Individual interfaces are usually intuitive and user-friendly. “At the same time, legal entities were left behind. It is assumed that a corporate client can fill a payment order himself and send it to the bank. We believe that for legal entities, as well as for individuals, it is possible to interact with the GIS GMP online with automatic filling in of the details, ”said Stanislav Shilov.
Outsourcing vs inhouse
Outsourcing or creating yourself is the age-old question of CIOs. Alexander Novikov, Director of the Department of Remote Banking Services at B&N Bank, weighed the pros and cons of outsourcing the development of RBS systems. He himself made a choice in favor of industrial solutions, although he does not hide his envy of banks that have teams of their own development: "In terms of design, their developers are ahead of the rest." In the ratings of Internet banks, the first places are occupied by decisions of internal development teams. At the same time, the development of an RBS on its own is usually more expensive and carries with it a number of risks. When key developers leave, the service may "stop". Among the advantages of industrial solutions, which, according to Alexander Novikov, significantly outweigh the scales, he named the functionality honed at other banks and the proven integration with the ABS.
“If you do something, do it yourself and for the client. Not a single contractor will do what you want for you, because he will do what you order him, - opposes Maxim Evdokimov. - Until 2013, we played outsourcing, ordering mobile bank... He was good, but not the best. Then we invested in creating our own development team, and it paid off handsomely. "
Nice service
Banks consider remote service channels not only as a source of income, but also as a way to attract and retain customers. Today banks are chosen not only by tariffs, but also by interfaces. When developing client systems and their interfaces, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the needs of customers - it would seem an obvious postulate, but not all developers follow it. Maxim Evdokimov gave examples of mobile banking applications designed to satisfy the management or surprise the world, but are inconvenient for the user. "Product first - then candy wrapper!" - the expert urges to build a high-quality digital bank first, and then proceed to a beautiful mobile and web interface. Initially, it is impossible to start from fashionable design, he is sure.
Receiving financial information through any communication channels;
Reducing the bank's operating costs;
Bank image;
Increase in the client base due to the low cost of banking products;
Expansion of the credit institution to other regions, which leads to the expansion of the user area;
More comfortable conditions for clients to communicate with the bank;
Significant time savings;
Possibility of communication between the client and the bank 24 hours a day;
The potential client of the bank is freed from the rigid binding to the specific location of the bank.
42. Types of remote banking services.
According to the principles of operation of RB systems, there are:
ON-LINE SYSTEMS - work in real time, i.e. a transaction made by a client is executed by the bank at the same time and is reflected on its balance sheet;
OFF-LINE SYSTEMS - provide for the presence of a time gap between the acceptance of an order or client's request and its execution
The classification of remote banking services is shown in the diagram.
RBS selection criteria:
flexibility of the system, i.e. the possibility of remote implementation of all banking services that a client can receive while within the walls of a credit institution;
easy customization of new banking products and modification of existing technologies by the bank's own divisions;
extensibility - the ability to easily increase the number of possible ways to implement banking services;
Integration, a single help system for all subsystems;
Spread;
economic feasibility, payback and profitability of the system
Kindsremote banking services:
Bank-Client class systems (the so-called "fat" client)
Designed for the implementation of settlement and cash services to customers and the exchange of information between them and credit institutions.
Internet-Client system (the so-called "thin" client)
Does not require additional software on the user's computer. As a client program, you can use programs over the Internet using a standard browser. It allows you to connect to an information server in a credit institution in the usual way.
Telephone service (computer telephony)
Gives the client the opportunity, being in tone mode using the voice menu using a telephone and telefax, to receive a variety of information about the movement of funds on his account and about the state of the financial market
43. System "Client-Bank", the principle of operation.
The Client-Bank system is a software package that allows a client to perform transactions on an account, exchange documents and information with a bank without visiting the office of a credit institution. Information is exchanged via telephone and computer.
The "Client-Bank" system makes it possible to:
1) use a wide range of electronic payment and reference documents;
2) promptly deliver electronic documents to the bank, regardless of the actual distance of the client;
3) receive daily account statements;
4) receive debit and credit attachments to statements with a bank mark;
6) receive and send electronic documents in the form of messages and free format files signed with an electronic digital signature;
7) receive reference information from the bank;
8) upload electronic documents to the system for sending to the bank from their accounting systems;
9) upload from the system electronic statements received from the bank into their accounting systems.
44. Banking services at home and in the office.
Internet banking is the management of bank accounts over the Internet.
Internet banking is a complex of complementary financial products and services based on the presence of a bank account with a credit institution and using the main features of the Internet as a communication medium.
In foreign literature, instead of Internet banking, the term online banking is used, emphasizing the possibility of a client's access to banking services in real time.
Internet banking development models
To date, there are 2 models of Internet banking development:
I. Virtual banks - banks that do not have a traditional office and operate on the worldwide computer network.
The first virtual bank Security First Network Bank (www.sfnb.com) was opened in 1995 in America.
II. Traditional banks are banks that have their own offices, operating rooms and provide banking services to customers using the Internet.
Today, such Western banks as Citi corp, Bank of America, First Union, Wells Fargo, Bank Austria, Union Bank are successfully operating via the Internet.
The main advantages of the Internet banking feature
No need to install specialized software on the client side and store databases on your computer;
The client gets access to his accounts through the "standard" means of the Internet;
Internet banking makes it easy to scale business processes, since it does not depend on the growth or decline of the client base;
New products and services of the bank become instantly available to all Internet clients of the bank, because all changes take place on the bank's server.
Various protection methods are used to improve security:
session passwords, key floppies, and hardware keys that identify the client.
Based on the above, we can conclude that a large number of electronic payment systems, payment systems are based on the use of plastic cards.
Electronic settlement systems in banks also include customer service in offices and at home using electronic technology, various electronic communications systems, cash settlements in e-commerce systems, and interbank electronic transfers. Many of them may not use plastic cards as a necessary element.
When servicing customers remotely, plastic cards may not be used, since they are replaced by other technological tools. But for the highest quality customer service, it is simply necessary to integrate card service services into remote banking services.
Much more attractive for the client will be a situation when, thanks to various systems such as "Client-Bank", he will not only be able to quickly send a payment document to the bank without leaving the office, but the recipient of the payment in another bank will receive money in the shortest possible time. Only by becoming a participant in modern electronic interbank electronic settlements, the bank is able to provide an appropriate level of promptness of payments for its customers.
The improvement of the economic mechanism in the context of the transition to the market places ever higher demands on the functioning of monetary circulation, the organization of settlement and cash services.
The growth of payment turnover and the resulting increase in distribution costs strongly dictate the need to create fundamentally new mechanisms of monetary circulation that provide rapidly growing needs for payments and accelerate turnover Money while reducing the costs of monetary circulation and reducing labor costs.
Home banking is banking services for clients at home and at their workplace.
Along with the use of ATMs, electronic settlement and payment systems, home banking is an independent form of banking services to the population based on the use of electronic technology.
Users of electronic banking services at home independently purchase the necessary equipment, and the bank advises clients on the equipment of home terminals and the purchase of the necessary software.
Such systems allow a bank client, using a monitor or TV screen, a personal computer, to connect via telecommunication lines (telephone or video) to a bank computer. In this case, banking operations can be carried out 7 days a week around the clock. Using this system allows you to manage your current account, deposit, client's settlements with the budget, payment and savings accounts.
Among the operations performed by connecting a personal computer to a banking computer system, we highlight the following:
● getting the account balance for the current day;
● familiarization with the details of instructions, rules, in accordance with which changes, corrections can be made;
● the ability to order a checkbook and a report on the movement of funds on the account for a certain period of time, making transfers to customer accounts;
● payment for the services of various companies (for example, issuing credit and other plastic cards, and using a computer at home you can pay bills in advance);
● execution of transactions with securities.
In some cases, cash service of clients at home is not limited to their accounts in national currency.
From the point of view of servicing clients - legal entities, banks try to adhere to the established rules for the introduction of cashless payments.
Rules settlement and cash services clients, the rights and obligations of the parties stipulated in the bank account agreement, basically coincide with the norms and relations between the bank and the client when using systems such as
"Client - Bank".
The "Client - Bank" system allows (in the classic version):
● send payment orders to the bank;
● receive statements from clients' accounts;
● receive electronic copies of payment documents for crediting funds to customer accounts;
● exchange electronic text messages with the bank;
● receive reference information (list of performed banking operations, exchange rates);
● import (export) information with the automation system of the client's enterprise.
The "Client - Bank" system has a multilevel security system and ensures the reliability, safety and confidentiality of the transmitted information.
By offering clients to use the services of the "Client - Bank" system, the bank advises clients on the acquisition of the necessary equipment. In addition, the bank guarantees technical support: during the installation of the system and initial training of personnel; updating the software when new versions of the system appear; consultations and recommendations when the system works by phone.
For a bank client, an individual or a legal entity, the most important deterrent for joining the number of users of such systems remains the payment for using the services of the system.
It is relatively difficult for banks to assess the effectiveness of these systems:
First, from the point of view of reducing the cost of maintaining buildings, structures, staff, paperwork;
Secondly, due to possible losses as a result of the rapid transfer by clients of their funds from non-interest-bearing accounts to income-generating accounts.
Serving the bank's clients at home using the capabilities of the worldwide computer network has already received its well-established name "Internet banking".
The classic version of the Internet banking system includes a full range of banking services provided to individual customers in the bank's offices, of course, with the exception of cash transactions.
As a rule, using Internet banking systems, you can open and close deposits, buy and sell non-cash currency, pay for utilities, pay for Internet access, pay bills of cellular and paging operators, make intra- and interbank payments (within the country), transfer funds through your accounts, including card accounts, pay for purchases, studies, medical, insurance, law firms and any other bills and, of course, track all banking transactions in your accounts for any period of time.
Unlike the traditional one, the virtual Internet bank works around the clock, twenty-four hours a day you can control your own accounts and, in accordance with the changed situation in financial markets, instantly respond to these changes (by closing bank deposits, buying or selling currency).
Remote customer service can also be performed using the telephone and special programs, with the help of which the computer independently answers the customer's questions. This type of customer service is called telephone banking or telebank for short.
Telebank provides the client with an opportunity to receive various reference information in speech and facsimile form, as well as to carry out active operations on their accounts.
45. Telephone banking in Russia, principles of organization.
Telephone banking is a multichannel customer service system by telephone.
Key Features:
High mobility;
Convenience of communication between the client and the bank;
Flexible help system;
Carrying out fixed and utility payments;
Operations with accounts through call centers;
Types of telephone banking:
PHONE-banking - access to bank accounts from the phone (general information, exchange rates, current balances, statements for the period for fax, replenishment, card blocking, telephone payments, limits, etc.)
WAP banking - access to bank accounts and cards via WAP (general information, exchange rates, etc.)
SMS banking - access to bank accounts and cards via SMS (current balances and scheduled statements, information on the movement of funds, subscription to bank news channels, service management, etc.)
MOBILE-banking - bank account management (ALL types of services)
The main functions of mobile phone banking are:
Obtaining information about the current state of the client's personal, card and investment accounts;
Account statements for the required period;
Obtaining information about the current exchange rates;
Obtaining information about the current stock prices;
Active notification of the client about changes in the balance of funds on his personal and card accounts;
Transfer of funds from one personal account to another within the bank;
Transfer of funds according to pre-prepared details; outside the bank
Client investment portfolio management;
Viewing the list of recent transactions for the selected personal account;
Acceptance of payment requests;
Transfer of applications for currency conversion.
There are 2 types of telephone banking
1. Customer service by operators
2. Using automated systems for working with clients
Telephone banking systems are actively used in the USA, England and the Scandinavian countries.
Telephone banking appeared in Russia in 1997
(Guta Bank, Converse Bank, Dialog Bank and Russian Credit)
Factors constraining the development of telephone banking systems in Russia
High cost of systems implementation;
Long payback period;
Poor quality of telephone lines and a relatively low degree of telephone coverage in the regions;
Low level of public confidence in commercial banks and the level of demand for banking services;
Security.
46. Virtual banks. Banking services on the Internet.
At the beginning of the 21st century, new virtual financial institutions appeared on the World Wide Web - internet banks... There are more and more people who use virtual funds, and therefore the services of these banks, but the Internet banks themselves are still not very common in the countries of the former USSR.
Often, the concept of Internet banking is equated with Internet banking or representative offices in the Network of ordinary banking institutions. However, there is a fundamental difference between them. Internet banking is a system that helps to manage bank accounts, conduct various banking operations and transactions on the Web. And the Internet bank makes it possible to open an electronic account, where you can subsequently transfer non-cash funds from any virtual payment systems and offline banking institutions.
As a legal entity, virtual banks, in fact, are not banks. Rather, they are called parts of a financial services corporation or intermediaries that have similar partners in many countries around the world. Thanks to such an extensive structure, consisting of thousands of partner banks, the system is very user-friendly. It is advisable to use them, for example, in a situation when the one who sells something and the one who buys live in different countries. In this case, the buyer can transfer money for his purchase to the seller's account through a partner bank located in his home country.
A virtual bank account can work with any currency. Therefore, without withdrawing from the account, funds can be freely transferred from the currency of one country to the currency of another. Such banks provide services for transferring funds from an account through the Western Union system or using a credit card, transferring money by bank transfer to another bank (both virtual and offline). As expected, the system takes a commission for all these manipulations. An exception is the transfer of money to another user of the same bank. The system does not charge for this.
When transferring funds to clients of a virtual bank, the system uses one bank account. To transfer money to a specific user, the details of this user, to whom the transfer is intended, are entered in an additional field.
For some WebMoney Transfer users, such banks can be the most profitable way to manipulate funds. To deposit money, you first need to replenish your multicurrency account, and then transfer these funds to WebMoney of the appropriate type. To withdraw them, you need to transfer the virtual amount to your Internet bank account, and then withdraw it either via bank transfer, or via Western Union or another system. Carrying out these manipulations, the user needs to pay 1-1.5% of the amount for each of them as a commission. But other methods of depositing and withdrawing funds are much more expensive. There is only one caveat: the minimum commission is $ 20. Therefore, it is beneficial to use Internet banking when large amounts are entered and withdrawn.
The peculiarity of the work of Internet banks is that they cannot guarantee the safety of input-output operations, since they do not conclude contracts for their implementation. This is necessary in order to maintain the anonymity of users. You do not need identification documents to register in the Internet Bank. That is, you can own an account in it absolutely anonymously.
The Internet banking system is constantly working to protect itself from fraud. One of these ways is the existence of several types of accounts. Some of them are intended for new clients, about whom the bank knows nothing, others - for those who, in the bank's opinion, cannot be a fraud, and still others - for trusted and well-known clients. The higher the level of confidence in the bank, the higher the threshold for the amount of funds deposited. The system provides various service bonuses to well-proven customers. And although at the moment there have been no high-profile scandals associated with fraud in this system, banks do not get tired of assuring us that they do not finance dubious projects, since the reputation and trust of customers are more expensive for them than risky profits. Despite all these assurances, excesses in the Internet banking system still exist. For example, one of the well-known virtual banks kept accounts frozen for a long time, as it was involved in judicial red tape. One can only imagine how the bank's clients felt, who appreciated in it, first of all, the availability and efficiency of operations. Therefore, based on this example, we can say that all financial systems have their disadvantages, including internet banks... Another disadvantage of such banks is the periodic interruption of work due to technical problems in the system or hacker attacks.
Despite all my troubles internet banks have very broad prospects. Their advantages are the efficiency of work, the absence of bureaucratic delays inherent in ordinary banks, continuous improvement and expansion of the system's capabilities. Thanks to this, the army of clients who trust this method of manipulating funds is constantly growing. Moreover, most of the users are clients of the WebMoney Transfer system.
47. Modern trends in the development of banking electronic services.
48. Ensuring the security of electronic systems.
Basic rules that the buyer should follow
Never share your password with anyone, including employees of payment systems.
Check that the connection is indeed in SSL secured mode - the closed padlock icon should be visible in the lower right corner of your browser;
Check that the connection is established exactly with the address of the payment system or Internet bank;
Never save your password information on any media, including a computer. If you have any suspicions that someone has gained access to your personal account, change your password or block your account / account;
After finishing work, be sure to press the Exit button;
Make sure your computer is not infected with any viruses. Install and activate antivirus software. Try to keep them up to date, as the action of viruses can be aimed at transferring information about your password to third parties;
Use software from trusted and trusted sources and update regularly.
Statistics
According to statistics, the following systems are most often attacked: terminals (32%), database servers (30%), application servers (12%), web servers (10%). Workstations, authentication servers, backup servers, file storages and so on account for only 10%. These statistics clearly show the relevance of the security of sites and applications, since through their vulnerabilities most often it becomes possible to gain access to data.
What ensures the security of payment systems
Secure / encrypted internet connections
Currently, the presence of an SSL certificate on the site is not a sufficient condition for the safe conduct of online payments. Only an integrated approach certified in accordance with modern international standards allows us to say that the security of processing Internet payments is ensured at the highest level.
Client protection
Login / password for accessing the system, which is being tested for complexity;
A combination of bank card number, expiration date, cardholder name, CVV / CVC codes;
The ability to create a virtual card that duplicates the main one for making online payments;
Technical protection
Binding of a payment service to a fixed IP-address and client's phone number;
Implementation of client access to the system via the encrypted HTTPS / SSL protocol;
The ability to use a virtual keyboard for typing identification data (countering the interception of personal data);
Separation of the channels for generating transactions and the channel for authorizing transactions:
authorization of transactions is carried out through a special code, which, when making a payment, the client receives from the system to his mobile phone via SMS (a random combination of letters and numbers, valid only for several minutes).
Protection of plastic cards
Attackers most often try to gain access to card data. The research reports of experts in the field of payment security - Verizon and Trustwave companies indicate statistics: in 85 and 98 cases out of 100, respectively, the target of the attack was precisely card data.
Payment systems certification
Certification of service providers and business owners (merchants) with more than 6 million transactions per year is subject to Qualified Security Assessor (QSA) certification, which are issued in Russia by IBM, NVision Group, Deiteriy, Digital Security, TrustWave, EVRAAS IT, Informzashita, Jet Infosystems, Croc Inc.
Certificate of Compliance with Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS);
Security certificate for compliance with international requirements for information security management in the development, implementation and maintenance of software ISO / IEC 27001: 2005;
Use of electronic digital signature (EDS);
Licenses for the right to carry out activities for the provision, maintenance, distribution of encryption (cryptographic) means.
Starting July 1, 2012, the use of uncertified applications by companies subject to the PCI DSS standard will be prohibited.
PCI DSS information security standard in the payment card industry was developed by the international payment systems Visa and MasterCard and is a set of 12 detailed requirements for ensuring the security of data about payment card holders that are transmitted, stored and processed in the information infrastructures of organizations. Taking appropriate measures to ensure compliance with the requirements of the standard implies an integrated approach to ensuring information security of payment card data.
Vulnerabilities and remedies
From the point of view of information security, the following vulnerabilities exist in electronic payment systems:
Transfer of payment and other messages between the bank and the client and between banks;
Information processing within the organizations of the sender and recipient of messages;
Client access to funds accumulated on accounts.
One of the most vulnerable places in the electronic payment system is the transfer of payment and other messages between banks, between a bank and an ATM, between a bank and a client.
Protection when forwarding payment messages:
The internal systems of the sender and recipient organizations must be adapted for sending and receiving electronic documents and provide the necessary protection during their processing within the organization (protection of end systems);
The interaction between the sender and the recipient of an electronic document is carried out indirectly - through a communication channel.
Problems to be solved when organizing payment protection:
mutual identification of subscribers (the problem of establishing mutual authentication when establishing a connection);
protection of electronic documents transmitted through communication channels (problems of ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of documents);
protection of the process of exchange of electronic documents (the problem of proof of departure and delivery of a document);
ensuring the execution of the document (the problem of mutual distrust between the sender and the recipient due to their belonging to different organizations and mutual independence).
Ensuring the security of payment systems
To ensure the functions of protecting information on individual nodes of the electronic payment system, the following protection mechanisms must be implemented:
endpoint access control;
control of message integrity;
ensuring the confidentiality of the message;
mutual authentication of subscribers;
guarantees of message delivery;
impossibility of refusal to take action on the message;
registration of a sequence of messages;
monitoring the integrity of the message sequence.
The quality of the solution to the above problems is largely determined by the rational choice of cryptographic means when implementing protection mechanisms.
Payment system is a system of interaction between participants
From an organizational point of view, the core of the payment system is an association of banks, united by contractual obligations. In addition, the electronic payment system includes trade and service enterprises that form a network of service points. For the successful functioning of the payment system, specialized organizations are also needed that provide technical support for servicing cards: processing and communication centers, technical service centers, etc.
49. Programs for automated entry of payment documents.
Cognitive Forms: VPD provides:
100% accuracy of information input;
Highest input speed;
Maximum automation of input - all basic actions can be performed without operator participation.
The technology underlying the Cognitive Forms system: VPD has been developed over 3 years and, as the company's specialists explain, VPD is the only system in Russia that allows automatic processing in a single stream of the main types of bank payment documents: payment orders, payment requests, etc. collection orders.
Test tests in banks have shown that the use of the Cognitive Forms: VPD system allows 2-3 times to reduce the time for entering payment documents in the bank's ABS in comparison with automated systems of a similar class from other developers
Cost of one Cognitive Forms workplace: FPA is 580 USD. When purchasing new versions (Upgrade), users of this product receive a 50% discount. According to a number of experts, the system "Cognitive Forms: Entering Payment Orders" is a leader, whose solutions have been implemented in more than 400 Russian banks and financial institutions.
No bank today can effectively work with clients and cope with the influx of documents if it does not use specialized input technologies.
Today there are several systems for automating the input of information from paper:
“ABBYY FineReader Bank” and “Cognitive Forms VFD” based on optical recognition technology;
“BiPrint” and “Atlas-Barcode” complex based on bar coding technology.
As practice shows, the use of systems based on optical recognition technology, the process of entering documents, as a rule, is accompanied by editing the recognized information, and according to the statement of ABBYY itself, "FineReader Bank" provides only 95% of the accuracy of information input. In addition, OCR technology requires an expensive scanner and high-performance computer to achieve high performance.
Systems based on bar coding technology are devoid of these drawbacks, since the barcode scanner is much cheaper than a flatbed scanner and provides 100% input accuracy, and the software for long-distance information processing can work on the operator's existing computer Vesta with the cash settlement module of the automated banking system. At the same time, the speed of the program is several times higher than with document recognition.
All these qualities make it possible to transfer the information processing mode from BackOffice to FrontOffice.
Considering the systems based on the bar-coding method, it can be noted that the Atlas Barcode complex differs in an advantageous way over similar complexes, primarily in its client part - "xPrint".
More compact barcode (more than twice) saves customer consumables.
The variety of bar coding methods provides the Bank with great freedom in the choice of reading equipment.
Also a distinctive feature of “xPrint” is the ability to carry out numerous checks when printing a document.
Bank clients quite often confuse accounts and correspondence in places. invoice, do not fill in the “Beneficiary's checkpoint” field for tax payments, sometimes they simply leave the fields blank. Such mistakes create an extra burden on the operators in the Bank and force the client to visit the Bank several times. “XPrint” detects these errors at the stage of printing the document and warns the client about it.
At the same time, the client does not experience any difficulties when printing documents with a code. All that is required of him is to install the program by pressing one key and print documents from his accounting program to an additional virtual printer that appears in the system after installing the software.
In addition, the bank's clients can use the program for preparing payment orders, included in the “xPrint” package, executed in the “Excel” environment, while the entire package is placed on one floppy disk.
In the banking part of the complex, information from the barcode is read using a barcode scanner. Further, due to the unique quality of the system, namely the openness and structuredness of the barcode data, two options for processing the information received from the scanner are possible:
direct integration of the reading equipment with the RCO module of the banking system, which ensures the operator's usual mode of operation;
use of the banking part of the Atlas Barcode system.
The banking part of the Atlas-Barcode complex implements all the basic functionalities inherent in automated information input systems.
The list of functionalities can be found here.
In addition, the system can be used as a gateway between the accounting program and the Client-Bank program (in case of difficulty in importing the client's accounting program data by the Client-Bank program), and, if necessary, as a Client-Bank system for transfer of payment information via the Internet.
List of documents supported by the barcoding system:
Financial documents:
Payment order.
Payment claim.
Collection order.
Payment order.
Application for a letter of credit.
Memorial Order.
The software of the Atlas-Barcode complex is designed in such a way that the expansion of the list of processed documents is practically cost-free.
The Atlas-Barcode system does not use hardware copy protection, such as “hardlock”, which in turn removes restrictions on the use of software within the Bank.
All of the above suggests that, upon a detailed examination, the use of the Atlas-Barcode complex remains one of the most effective ways to automate the entry of payment documents in view of the near-term prospects for the development of cash settlement automation technologies.
Internet client program.
The RBS "Internet-Client" system is an ideal solution for Clients who are interested in the possibility of carrying out all types of banking operations, ensuring full control over the state of their accounts from anywhere in the world in real time.
The "Internet-Client" system has all the advantages of RB systems. To use this System, you only need Internet access; work with the "Internet-Client" system takes place on an interactive site in an Internet browser window.
Advantage, additional conveniences of the "Internet Client-Bank" system
1) Ability to work with the system 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year
2) The ability to fully work with the Internet Client-Bank system from anywhere in the world from any computer connected to the Internet!
3) The work does not require the installation of special software on the Client's side.
4) There is no need for its constant support of the system, updating, visit of a Bank specialist to the Client, etc.
5) The ability to carry out operational control over the state of accounts and the movement of funds, thanks to a well-thought-out response scheme (responses) to documents sent to the bank and the ability to independently request account statements for any date.
6) The ability to transfer / exchange with the Bank any text information in the form of a mail message and files of any format.
7) Access to information of the electronic bulletin board.
8) Possibility of preliminary verification of the details of documents.
9) High speed of work.
10) Friendly, intuitive interface.
11) Highly competitive pricing for installation and service.
The main goal of each bank is to maximize profit. To achieve an optimal result, it is necessary to attract and interest as many customers as possible. In turn, the client chooses the most comfortable option among all the many banks. One of the important selection criteria is a modern approach. Remote servicing is included in the list of services for 80% of Russian banks. In this article, we will consider what a remote banking system is and what is the direction of its development.
RBS concept
Remote banking is a technology developed specifically for remote work with a bank. RBS assumes a comprehensive approach to the bank without personal presence.
The RBS system has been used for a long time in Europe and the USA. Such a system has been integrated into Russia quite recently. However, stable development of the RB system is observed every year. Every year more and more clients are actively using virtual banking.
The essence of remote banking services is that a large number of banking operations - paying bills, receiving statements, processing applications, registering payment documents, etc. - can be carried out in absentia without personal presence.
Remote banking services include:
The "Bank-Client" system.
The "Internet Client" system.
The "Phone-Client" system.
ATM-banking service and the use of banking devices.
System "Bank-Client", or "Fat Client"
The principle of the system operation is based on remote client access through a computer program. For this type of work, you need to contact the bank for technological guidance and installation of the program. The remote banking system also has a second name - "Fat Client". It integrated from abroad (remote banking, home banking). The specialized program stores the client's personal data and the history of transactions with the bank. The client program connects to the banking program via an individual communication channel. For continuous work, the client requires constant communication through a modem or fixed Internet.
The largest number of users of the Bank-Client system is observed among legal entities. The convenience of work lies in the fact that obtaining information, displaying the current state of the account and performing many operations are carried out remotely.
A well-functioning system of mutual cooperation called "Client-Bank" is used by many large enterprises. The banking program provides for the creation of payment documents, as well as full tracking of all movements of funds in accounts.
System "Internet Client", or "Thin Client"
Currently, more than 50% of the country's population uses online remote banking services. Most of the Russian banks are already using this system. Almost every bank has its own website where you can get all the information of interest.
The "Internet Client" or "Thin Client" system does not imply the installation of additional software. To work in the system, it is enough to have access to the Internet. V personal account each client has the opportunity to view data on his account, receive statements, pay for services, as well as make applications for certain banking services.
For the convenience of work, mobile versions have been created, with the help of which the user can carry out the same operations from a smartphone.
System "Phone-client"
The simplest type, which assumes remote banking services, is the provision and processing of information over the phone. "Phone-client" includes phone-banking and SMS-banking.
The banking service assumes the presence of a call center where you can contact a bank representative.
The information processing and transmission scheme has several options:
the client communicates with the operator;
the client receives information using SMS banking;
The list of services provided to the client is limited: by phone you can only get the information of interest and enter several types of applications. However, further operations for cashing or transferring funds require identification and personal presence.
ATM-banking service and the use of banking devices
One of the most developed RBS networks in Russia is ATM-banking and the use of banking service devices - these include a network of terminals and ATMs. The level of the most widespread and recognizable institution in terms of the number of branches and ATMs is occupied by Sberbank, where remote banking services are considered one of the most developed.
RBS development in Russia
In countries, RBS is several steps higher than in Russia. At the moment, the development of remote banking services is in a somewhat frozen state. The problem is that neither the banking system nor the population is ready for such significant changes. For a somewhat unstable financial situation, excessive cash investments will be unreasonable. A large number of settlements do not have normal access to the Internet, not to mention the level of computer use by the older generation.
In the near future, we will be able to see such innovations as video communication with a bank employee or a complete transition to Internet banking only in Moscow or large regional centers. At the moment, the use of remote banking systems in Russia is aimed at improving the security system and achieving a higher level of service.
Disadvantages of RBS
As in other countries, Russian remote banking service has one major drawback: it is a security system. Hacking an account and stealing funds from a personal account of any user is considered too easy money for an experienced programmer. Despite the fact that banks are constantly improving their system, there are still scammers who can hack any security system.
The bottom line is that the bank invests enough funds in order to protect its data from intruders, but at the same time, clients' funds are under attack. This is due to the fact that a minimum of funds are invested in the client's channel protection system, because these costs are borne by the client.
15.2.1. Benefits of Remote Banking
Remote banking service (RBS) is usually called the provision of banking services (provision of banking products) at a distance, without visiting the bank's office by clients, without direct contact with bank employees - from home (so-called "home-banking"), office, car, etc. etc.
This type of service allows the client to control their own accounts, buy and sell non-cash currency, pay for utilities, Internet access, accounts of mobile and paging operators, make non-cash bank and interbank payments, transfer funds through accounts, etc.
Remote banking services provide the bank with the following competitive advantages.
When using RBS, operating costs are significantly reduced. There is no need to maintain additional premises, workplaces and personnel, which cannot be dispensed with when serving customers in the traditional way. As a result, transaction costs (in terms of one transaction) are reduced by an order of magnitude. By saving funds for its maintenance, the bank can significantly increase its client base - the low cost of banking products makes it possible to reduce tariffs for them, which, other things being equal, makes the bank more attractive in the eyes of the consumer.
On the other hand, thanks to RBS, the bank is able to cover a large segment of consumers with small funds and not very profitable from the point of view of traditional banking.
In addition, a potential client of a bank, where RBS is practiced, is freed from rigid binding to a specific location of the bank, and this is very convenient. Consequently, RBS contributes to the expansion of the bank to other regions, which leads to an expansion of the client base.
The image aspect of using remote service technologies is also important.
The attractiveness of RBS in the eyes of clients is not least due to the fact that it is able to provide them with more comfortable conditions for communicating with the bank and a significant saving of time - to carry out a banking operation, the client does not need to visit the bank's office. Moreover, he does not even need to adjust to the bank's work schedule - it is available 24 hours a day, and the user can perform the desired transaction at any time convenient for him.
There are the following types of RBS clients: RS-banking, Internet-banking, video-banking, telephone service, WAP-banking, SMS-banking.
With the presence of special software and a modem, RS-banking supports a direct connection of the client's personal computer to the bank's network. The most typical example of this type of RBS is the classic "Bank-Client" system.
Internet banking is a complex of banking services provided to a client by a bank via the Internet, which includes: control of their own accounts; purchase and sale of non-cash currency; payment for utilities, Internet access, bills of mobile and paging operators; conducting non-cash payments, transferring funds through accounts.
This is the most promising type of RBS, for example, Deutsche Bank and Bank of America make about 70% of payments via the Internet. In Russia, Internet banking has also been actively developing in recent years.
Currently, there are three levels of Internet banking:
Informational (the bank's website on the Internet, which reflects the types and rates of services provided);
Communication (two-way exchange of information via e-mail, information about the state of the account, account statements);
Fully functional transactional bank (carrying out all financial transactions, except for cash withdrawals).
There are systems in which the Internet is used only as a means of transmitting data, and systems in which the Internet is used as an independent information technology. In the first case, the Internet acts as a communication channel between the bank and the client and, in essence, is only an addition to the classic "Bank-Client" systems. This increases the efficiency and mobility of communication between business partners, but it somewhat reduces the level of security of transactions, since the Internet is an open network.
In the second case, the software is a special Internet application that functions only in a conversation between the client and the bank. When using such systems, the client does not need to install software and store the corresponding electronic databases on his computer. In this case, the client can access his bank account by going to the bank server on the Internet from any computer, having previously entered his password and personal an identification number... To improve security in such systems, various methods are used to protect economic information from unauthorized access.
Video banking is a system of interactive communication between a client and bank personnel, a kind of video conference, for the organization of which a device called a kiosk is used (a device with a touch screen that allows a client to access various information, as well as communicate with a bank employee and perform various operations with his help ). Kiosks are installed in public places and are often combined with ATM machines.
To pay bills by phone, a bank client uses a special device connected to a banking computer, which allows him to receive a variety of information about the movement of funds in his account and the state of the financial market, to make payments on bills for goods, medical services, electricity, etc. The client connects to the bank computer and enters the account number, personal identification number, code number of the recipient's company, the amount of the payment.
WAP-banking - remote account management by means of a mobile phone equipped with special software based on the wireless data transfer protocol. However, so far banks do not allocate WAP-banking in separate species services. A client who wants to carry out banking transactions only by a mobile phone will still have to connect to the Internet banking system. Now mobile communication companies, offering their customers GSM phones with Internet access, are not always able to maintain the required degree of protection of transmitted or received information at the same level as it is organized on the Internet.
Consequently, banks cannot take responsibility for the confidentiality of customer payments and so far offer them using a mobile phone only to view the account balance and a list of recent transactions. However, software is being developed that can improve the security of WAP banking services. In the meantime, in order to ensure the safety of payments, some banks negotiate a list of operations with the client and assign a corresponding code to each of them. This, for example, is how Guta Bank acts. When carrying out any of the operations, the user of WAP banking needs to enter a code, which, upon confirmation by the bank, activates the necessary transaction. The bank does not take commission for transactions on the account.
Another service provided by banks to cell phone owners is SMS banking. With the help of short message services (SMS), which any mobile operator has, the client will have access to all information about the status of current accounts (account balances), as well as receiving account statements for the required period. According to experts, this service has much more prospects than WAP-banking. Firstly, because of the low cost, and secondly, due to the higher data transfer speed - tens of times faster, and thirdly, it significantly increases the safety of operations. The SMS service is very popular with customers.
It is believed that modern technologies of software and hardware protection are at a level that provides a 100% guarantee of the confidentiality of operations and the safety of funds. But most importantly, banks are primarily interested in the safety of funds - Internet banking service providers who are responsible not only for the safety of their clients' finances, but also for their funds and reputation.
15.2.2. Information Systems used in RBS
RBS is based on the Bank-Client system. The full list of services that the bank can provide through this system is very extensive. In the classic (expanded) version, the Bank-Client system allows the client to:
Get acquainted with banking rules;
Receive reference information (list of operations performed by the bank, exchange rates, etc.);
Open various bank accounts;
Manage the movement of funds through accounts, including card accounts;
Receive information about the state of your account in the form of relevant statements;
Make payments on bills, including for goods and services, including utilities;
Receive electronic copies of settlement documents;
Order a checkbook;
Conduct conversion operations;
Conduct operations with an investment portfolio that is managed by the bank;
Carry out credit operations (overdraft credit);
Exchange electronic text messages and financial information with the bank;
Receive consulting and information services; and others. In this case, it is worth paying attention to the fact that within the system
"Bank-Client" refers to highly standardized sets of operations, since they are carried out practically without any involvement of bank personnel.
When servicing clients, banks adhere to the established rules for conducting non-cash payments (payments) and settlement and cash services. The respective rights and obligations of the parties are stipulated in the bank account agreement (or in additions to it).
The Bank-Client system is a software and hardware complex that allows you to organize interaction in a secure off-line mode between a client and a bank from an office (home) using paperless technology, provide remote customer service for any type of settlement operations and implement a full-fledged electronic document circulation. It includes banking and client subsystems, integrated with protection and communications subsystems.
The system usually includes:
Document exchange server - a mail server, in terms of service and addressing formats, compatible with various types of protocols to provide access via dial-up telephone channels;
AWS of the bank for receiving documents from the client, interacting with the banking system and notifying the client about the results of processing his documents;
A client's workstation for creating documents, sending them to the bank, receiving processing results and account statements. It can be used by legal entities and individuals, as well as banks to work with correspondent banks, carry out interbranch exchanges, link legal entities with trading partners, etc.
The Bank-Client system works with the following types of documents: financial ( payment order, collection order, application for the sale of currency, application for the purchase of currency, application for transfer, application for letter of credit, application for withdrawal of payment, announcement
for cash withdrawals, etc.); informational (request for payment tracing, statement, transaction passport, certificate of foreign exchange transactions, and etc.); postal messages (text messages generated by the client (bank) to be sent to a subscriber of the Bank-Client system or to a subscriber of a mail server); free format documents, which are text messages, endorsed and encrypted by senders (bank or client) and developed taking into account the wishes of banks.
The payment order is generated electronically once by the client, and not by the bank operator. This simplifies the day-to-day work of an accountant, speeds up payments and reduces the likelihood of errors in payment details. Upon receipt, the bank checks the electronic signatures on each document received from the client. The client's settlement documents are stored in the archive of the banking part of the system together with electronic signatures, which excludes their distortion in the bank. Built-in encryption tools ensure encrypted transmission of information between the bank and the client.
The Bank-Client system has a multi-level security system and ensures the reliability, safety and confidentiality of the transmitted information.
Internet banking was essentially a further development of the Bank-Client systems and has a number of advantages over them. However, some of these advantages can be viewed as disadvantages as well. For example, the use of an open network allows unlimited expansion of the circle of potential customers, but at the same time it is much more dangerous than the option of directly connecting the computers of the bank and its client. At the same time, an indisputable advantage is that the user is not "tied" to a specific computer on which special software is installed (the client's workstation is an integral part of the classic version of the Bank-Client systems), but can use any computer that has access to Internet.
A particularly wide range of services via the Internet are offered to their clients by US "virtual" banks.
In the case of performing RBS of clients using the telephone and special programs, the computer is able to independently answer the client's questions. This type of banking services is used by the Telebank system.
It gives the client the opportunity to receive various reference information in speech and facsimile form, as well as to carry out some active operations on their accounts, namely:
Receive verbal information about account balances for any operating day;
Make a facsimile copy of an account statement for any business day, for an arbitrary period, including for the entire period of service at the bank;
Receive verbal information about the amount of receipts in favor of the client for any operating day;
Dispose of the movement of funds on the account. Each payment that the client can instruct to carry out is assigned a code, the system stores such payments in the form of "templates" of payment orders with fixed details and empty fields to be filled in by the client. When making a payment, the system asks the client for the payment code and offers to fill in the empty fields;
Revoke the payment order sent to the bank before it enters the settlement network of the Bank of Russia (at the client's request, the system generates a document canceling the previous order);
Conduct planned (mandatory) payments;
Order cash in any currency in order to receive it at the cash desk or exchange office of the bank;
Submit an application to the bank for the provision of a technical overdraft in the event of a shortage of funds on the account for making a responsible payment;
Give an order to transfer a facsimile copy of a payment order sent through Telebank or in a standard way to your correspondent. When using this mode, the client has the opportunity to receive the goods (services) paid for by him, being in the supplier's office.
Telebank can give the client the opportunity to use convenient “voice mail” and “facsimile mail” subsystems for sending or receiving emergency messages, reference information or documents not specified in the number of standard system services (regulatory legal acts, accounting instructions, etc. .).
15.2.3. The main development trends (features) of RBS in Russia
A number of Internet banking systems operate in Russia: Ellips-Bank uses the Telebank-NN system to support Internet banking services; the system implemented in Guta-Bank includes the Telebank and Client-Bank Online systems; "Internet-Service-Bank" ("Avtobank") allows servicing private clients and legal entities via the Internet, minimizing visits by clients to the bank and reducing the costs of servicing them.
To service private clients in the Internet-Service-Bank (Autobank) system, the Home Bank subsystem is used, which allows the client to buy and sell currency, pay for utilities, carry out intrabank and interbank transfers, pay bills of providers and mobile operators.
zi, open deposits, get access to information on payments made and account statements, replenish card accounts. Work with organizations is supported by the "Electronic Client" subsystem, which allows you to prepare and transfer payment documents to the bank via an electronic communication line and make ruble and currency payments, applications for the purchase / sale of currency (for a currency account), receive notifications from the bank about the passage of documents, statements on closed days, generate and send to the bank requests for statements on an unclosed day, keep an archive of payment documents transferred to the bank, place advertisements and advertise, track the current state of their accounts.
The system implemented in Guta-Bank includes the Telebank and Client-Bank Online systems. The Telebank system is intended for communication of private clients with the bank and is used for buying and selling currency, paying for utilities, long-distance and international calls, cellular and paging communications, Internet access, replenishing plastic cards from accounts in the Telebank system, etc. The service is carried out by phone, Internet or WAP-phone. The payment process takes from one day (in Moscow) to 2-4 days (far abroad). The Telebank system is best suited for prepayment of goods and regularly provided services (billing), since it does not provide for instant payments.
To organize e-commerce through the Telebank system, a legal entity, registered in accordance with the procedure established by law, and a bank account are required. It is enough for the seller to publish a description of the product or service, his bank details, instructions for cashless payments and a link to the settlement server of the Telebank system. A buyer who has an account in the system can use this information and make a payment on his own. The buyer places an order in the online store, after which the store issues an invoice. In turn, he must fill out a form indicating the details of the store on the settlement server (where the store's invoice comes). Based on the data received, the authorization process takes place. The money is credited by the bank to the store's account, after which the process of delivery of the goods is carried out. The maximum speed of operations is achieved if the store is a member of the Telebank system.
The Client-Bank Online system provides access to accounts opened in Guta-Bank, obtaining information on account balances, making payments, etc.
To support Internet banking services, Ellips Bank uses the Telebank-NN system, which performs any banking operations around the world. With its help, the following operations are carried out
tions: preparation and transfer to the bank of the client's payment orders, transferring to the client information about the state of the account, attachments to statements, payment of utilities, mobile phone, making any payments, replenishment of plastic cards from accounts in the Telebank-NN system.
Bin-Bank uses a system that allows its clients to: conclude transactions on electronic trading platforms (electronic stores, stock exchanges); track the status of the execution of transactions; draw up payment documents and conduct banking transactions via the Internet for ruble and foreign currency accounts; buy and sell currencies and securities over the Internet in real time; receive account statements; pay for transactions carried out in electronic trading systems via the Internet; form a package of documents for credit and factoring transactions; collect and analyze data on the financial condition of enterprises; issue and revoke digital user certificates; deliver payment orders to the automated banking system for further processing; import and export payment documents from internal client systems; to provide users with access to information on transactions carried out by the bank with customer accounts; notify users when conducting banking and system operations; create sales representatives (e-shops) and host them on an e-commerce server; participate in electronic tenders; conduct exchange transactions; integrate with e-commerce systems.
Payment systems in Russia face a number of difficulties associated with a low standard of living, an insignificant percentage of banking system customers, imperfect legislation, etc. However, analysts predict an increase in the use of such systems and the involvement of a larger number of on-line stores and users in them.
Cashless circulation covers almost all spheres of the country's life and, of course, dominates. It is actively developing in the credit, investment sphere, in interbank settlements, expanding the instruments of settlement operations.
Forms of settlement organization, payment instruments, payment methods and risks arising from them are separate elements of the payment system. In conditions market economy very important criterion is the period (term) of the passage of the payment from the sender to the recipient.
The advantage of a particular payment system lies primarily in how quickly, reliably and economically settlements and payments are made.
At present, with the development of communication facilities and the Internet, the possibilities for making non-cash payments have expanded significantly, which significantly reduces the organization time for their implementation and control. They are also the most profitable in terms of maintenance costs.
In general, remote banking (RBS) refers to the provision of banking services based on orders transmitted by the client remotely (without visiting the bank's office), most often using computer and telephone networks. As a result, the term “remote banking” encompasses a variety of ideas about RBS, ranging from the extremely narrow - the provision of specific banking services by a particular bank using a specific software and hardware complex to the extremely wide - as a segment of the banking services market.
All RBS services can be divided into three groups - informational, operational and auxiliary. Information services include services for the provision of information by the bank to the client, and the client must first subscribe to one or another information service. These services are usually charged on a temporary basis, depending on the subscription period, and the information itself is provided in the form of emails, SMS messages, voice messages, etc.
RBS operational services are provided on the basis of customer orders and usually include the execution of one or more transactions using customer bank accounts (including "card" accounts) or other accounts opened by credit institutions within the framework of issuing prepaid cards, maintaining electronic money balances, providing loans without opening bank accounts, etc. Sometimes such services are called transactional, which emphasizes the reflection of transactions on operations in the bank's databases.
The most common RBS operational services are payment, deposit, credit and conversion services, as well as account management services. Payment services make up the bulk of RBS in almost all banks. When providing payment services, the bank, at the request of the client, transfers funds from his bank account (including a "card" account when using a payment card) or without opening a bank account (from another account - a prepaid card account, electronic money balance account, etc. .) in favor of the recipient of funds. In some cases, the transfer of funds within the framework of RBS can be carried out by order of the recipient of funds (direct debit).
In the case of deposit services, the client places free funds on the deposit account remotely by choosing one of the options for the conditions offered by the bank (in terms of amount, term, interest rate, etc.). When providing conversion services, the bank remotely sells to the client (buys from the client) foreign currency for rubles or other foreign currency (with the conversion operations reflected on the client's respective bank accounts).
As part of the credit service, the client remotely sends an application for a loan to the bank or accepts the bank's offer for a loan. Bank-initiated remote lending is usually carried out in relation to individuals, whose creditworthiness the bank can establish without involving additional information. In this regard, the client only needs to agree to the terms of the loan in order for him to receive the loan amount to his bank account. If lending is carried out at the request of the client, then depending on the legal status of the client, his credit history, the loan amount and other conditions, the client may need to submit additional information to the bank.
An operational RBS service can be provided to a client by using one or several RBS systems. For example, a client's payment order to transfer funds in favor of a supplier of goods (services), transmitted via the Internet banking system, will be executed in the normal mode by debiting funds from the client's bank account. But in the absence of funds in the bank account, the client can provide for the implementation of the payment at the expense of the balance on the payment card of another bank. In this case, based on the client's order, the bank will first replenish the client's bank account from the balance on the payment card, and then - the payment from the bank account. As a result, two RB systems will be involved - the RB system of payment cards and the RB system "Internet banking".
Payment transactions constitute the bulk of all transactions carried out within the framework of the RBS. After the entry into force of the NPS Law, most of the technical devices used by customers to transmit payment instructions to the bank fell under the definition of "electronic means of payment" and, accordingly, under the regulation of money transfers using an electronic means of payment.
In accordance with the Law on NPS, an electronic means of payment (EMP) is “a means or a method that allows a client of a money transfer operator to draw up, certify and transmit orders in order to transfer funds within the framework of the applicable forms of non-cash payments using information and communication technologies , electronic media, including payment cards, as well as other technical devices. " Thus, based on the definition:
- 1) ESP is a means, a method or some combination of a means and a method. A means usually means a certain device or equipment or software, and a method means a certain regulation of the actions of people (including the use of equipment) or an algorithm for the operation of devices that ensures a set result is obtained;
- 2) ESP should allow drawing up, certifying and transmitting orders. Those means and methods that do not ensure the performance of the listed actions by themselves cannot be ESP, but only part of the ESP. In particular, a payment card cannot transmit orders by itself, but can be part of an ESP, which includes a technical device for transmitting orders;
- 3) ESP should allow to draw up, certify and transmit orders for the purpose of transferring funds. By the type of funds, all ESPs can be divided into ESPs used in relation to deposit funds (for example, Internet banking, mobile banking, etc.) and in relation to electronic money (for example, applications for computers and mobile phones in the form of electronic wallets, web interfaces for managing "virtual accounts");
- 4) the transfer of funds using ESP is carried out subject to the application of the established forms of non-cash payments. In this regard, transfers using ESP must be carried out in accordance with the regulation in the field of cashless payments (insofar as they are applicable to ESP), in particular, taking into account the provisions of Regulation No. 383-P "On the rules for making money transfers" ;
- 5) regardless of whether an ESP is a means, a method or a combination of a means and a method, it must use information and communication technologies or electronic media (including payment cards) or other technical devices. Consequently:
- a) any technical device refers to an ESP if it can be used to draw up, certify and transmit orders for the transfer of funds within the framework of the applicable forms of non-cash payments;
- b) if a technical device cannot be used as a means for drawing up, certifying and transmitting an order for the transfer of funds within the framework of the applied forms of non-cash payments, it cannot in itself be considered as an ESP.
The latter conclusion complements the above in relation to payment cards: cards by themselves cannot transmit orders for the transfer of funds, although they are a necessary element for the operation of technical devices that transmit such orders (POS terminals, ATMs with the cash-in function, payment terminals , electronic kiosks, etc.).
Systems of the "Bank - Client" (or "Client - Bank") class are RBS systems of the RBS / 4 level, which use specialized software installed on the client's automated workstations, which includes a number of modules, in particular, a user interface, a module database management, cryptographic system, data exchange module, etc. Such systems can use various private and public networks as remote access channels, including telephone networks, Internet providers' networks, etc. As a rule, the "Bank-Client" systems are installed at the clients' automated workstations by forces and (or) with the support of the bank, and the bank usually assumes the functions of maintaining the installed software.
Historically, "Bank-Client" class systems appeared on the Russian market in the early 1990s. and were the first remote banking systems. Customers connected to banking systems using low-speed modems over dedicated telephone lines or public telephone channels using a dial-up system, which was often accompanied by communication problems. Often such systems did not work in real time, but in “batch mode”, but even in this case they were quite effective, as they allowed for the operational management of bank accounts without leaving the office.
Systems of the "Bank-Client" class have always been quite expensive to maintain (by the client) and support (by the bank), which limited their distribution. Basically, such systems were used by companies of medium and large business and very rarely - by individuals. Each such system was operated on the basis of a special agreement on remote banking services using the Bank-Client system (often in the form of an additional agreement to the bank account agreement), the terms of which were carefully worked out and could differ from client to client.
One of the distinguishing features of "Bank-Client" class systems has been and remains a powerful cryptographic protection of transmitted data, using certified cryptographic software modules. Perhaps this is what helped the "Bank-Client" systems to withstand competition with the systems of the "Internet banking" class and occupy the niche of the most secure systems for remote access to bank accounts on the RBS market. In addition, confidence in the systems of the "Bank-Client" class has always been ensured by storing on the client's side all transmitted and received electronic documents, as well as information exchange protocols, which allowed the client to more confidently negotiate with the bank in the event of disputable situations.
When clients work in the RBS system of the "Internet banking" class, account management and banking operations are carried out through the bank's operational website, which is accessed via the Internet. In this case, the bank's client uses one of the widely used web browsers (often Internet Explorer), accessing the bank's web server using the standard HTTP protocol. Upon successful identification and authentication of the user, a secure session of work over the HTTPS protocol begins, after which messages in HTML and XML formats are exchanged between the user's computer and the bank's web server.
Unlike systems of the "Bank - Client" class, when using "Internet banking" systems, all documents (databases of payment orders, statements, reference books of recipients, etc.) and other resources required by the client to receive bank services are on the side jar. On the one hand, this allows users to be independent of a specific computer and to access account management from any convenient place where there is a computer connected to the Internet with the required browser. On the other hand, the client no longer has electronic copies of documents and information exchange protocols at his disposal that would help him prove his point of view in disputable situations.
With the help of systems of the "Internet banking" class, a bank client can create, edit and send payment documents for processing, view an archive of documents, view and print messages from the bank and statements for any period, use directories physically located on the bank's side, etc. etc. As a rule, all transactions between a bank and an organization are carried out in real time, and banking systems allow the client to track all stages of processing client orders on the bank server. In addition, in real time, documents are checked for compliance with established standards, which allows you to quickly filter out incorrectly entered data, as well as quickly respond to other non-standard situations (if such opportunities are provided by the system).
From the point of view of costs for the use and operation of the "Internet banking" class systems, it turned out to be much simpler and cheaper than the "Bank - Client" systems, since clients do not need to have experience with special programs and do not need to have special skills in installing and operating such programs ; banks are relieved of the maintenance of the client side of the RB systems software, since the technical support of web browsers is provided by their developers. As a result, the systems of the "Internet banking" class began to be in great demand among the bank's clients, and not only from individuals, but also from legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
At the same time, systems of the "Internet banking" class turned out to be more susceptible to misuse by malefactors, which required a significant increase in the costs of banks to ensure their security. In particular, it has become more difficult for banks (in comparison with systems of the "Bank - Client" class) to control the situation on the client side, since the use of Internet banking systems is not limited by the location of the office, the type of computer with known characteristics and network equipment with known MAC and IP addresses, etc.
Systems of the "Mobile Banking" class differ from other lower-level RBS systems in at least two ways:
- 1) they use a mobile radio channel as a remote access channel;
- 2) within the framework of one physical radio channel of mobile communication, they can use several logical channels of information exchange.
In particular, within the framework of a mobile radio channel, they can use data exchange protocols in the form of SMS and USSD messages, as well as access to the Internet via WAP and GPRS. This leads to a wide variety of mobile banking systems that differ in cost, quality and reliability of the services provided.